Until 1 April (5 April 2021 for income tax) a low or zero emission car can qualify for a 100% first year allowance (FYA) if its CO2 emissions do not exceed 50g/km and the car is purchased new and unused.  A similar 100% FYA applies for zero emission vans, where the vehicle is purchased new and unused before 1 April 2021, or 5 April 2021 for income tax.  However, as all commercial vehicles qualify for 100% relief under the AIA, this special FYA for zero emission goods vehicles is not needed by the majority of businesses.

This is where it gets more interesting, for Company Director owners of businesses, I have been advising that the taxable benefit for a car is becoming prohibitive in many cases (and fuel is a definite no), however draft legislation (bearing in mind the forthcoming budget) suggest the following benefit for electric only cars:

• The 2019/20 taxable benefit for a zero emissions car is 16%
• From April 2020 cars with an emissions rating of 0 will reduce to 0% (draft legislation)

Charging points also qualify for Capital Allowances.

The planning point here is that your business can buy outright an electric car by April 2021, claim 100% first year allowance and the driver does not have a taxable benefit from April 2020.  Let’s see what the budget brings but it’s definitely worth considering going green!

Clients preparing their own VAT returns:

1. You will need to check with your software supplier that they are MTD compliant – most of the major names are working on this but people using older Sage desktop versions should check for upgrades that are MTD compliant
2. You may need to activate your software
3. You will need to check your HMRC log in and ensure it is MTD ready

 
For clients who use book keepers and myself, we are in the process of setting up agent services accounts and securing additional software as we’re ready in good time.
 
So in reality a business filing a quarterly return from April to June 2019 is likely to be first affected by the change with the filing date of 7 August 2019 being unchanged.
 
HMRC have issued guidance on this link.

• Property Allowance – £1,000
• Trading Allowance - £1,000
• Rent a room relief - £7,500

 
Property and Trading Allowance - Where the £1,000 allowances cover allof the income (no expenses are ever allowed) then you don’t need to declare it.  In the case of these being your only other source of income it means you don’t need to do a tax return anymore.
 
So for example, you’re a teacher and you do some tuition earning £15 a week then previously you should have completed a tax return and provided you don’t have any income other that your PAYE salary then you probably don’t need to do a tax return.  There is quite a bit more to this particularly where people have a main sole trade and a ‘hobby business’ and the detail can be found on this link.
  
The Rent a Room Scheme lets you earn up to a threshold of £7,500 per year tax-free from letting out furnished accommodation in your home. This is halved if you share the income with your partner or someone else.  You can let out as much of your home as you want. If income falls below this limit (as with the above reliefs, you can’t deduct costs), then the relief is automatic and provided there is no other reason to complete a tax return, you don’t need to do one.
Follow this link for more information. 

As a reminder if you need to complete a tax return you must register by 5thOctober to be sure to avoid a penalty.  It’s important to note that if you do need to complete a tax return and fail to do one, HMRC ‘not sending you one’ is not considered a reasonable excuse if you are subject to a compliance check.

The following personal allowances will take place with effect from 6thApril 2019:
 

• Personal Allowance £12,500
• Point at which you pay higher rate tax £50,000
• Child Benefit starts to reduce from £50,000
• Point at which you start to lose your Personal Allowance remains at £100,000
• Additional rate tax commences at £150,000
• The point at which Company Directors and Sole Traders pay National insurance rises to £8,632

• Increasing the planned the point at which people pay tax to £12,500 (National Insurance has lower thresholds)
• Increasing Annual Investment Allowance to £1m for 2 years
• Freezing the VAT registration threshold for a further 2 years at £85,000
• Increasing living and minimum wages
• Confirming the planned reduction in Corporation Tax to 17% in 2020
• Confirming major changes to the IR35 regime

​The papers which support the budget often contain far more than what is actually said on the day and it is clear that there will be further consultations on VAT and the implementation of the IR35 changes.
 
I’ve also produced an audio recording of my commentary on the budget!

The new £50,000 does create somewhat of a cliff edge, as at £50,000 earnings you will:

• Pay higher rate tax
• Start to lose your child benefit
• Lose some savings allowance

 
The thresholds at which people pay National Insurance have not risen as significantly so employees and sole traders can still expect to pay National Insurance even if there is no tax to pay. The threshold will be £8,632.
 
Class 2 National Insurance (at £3 a week) will continue to be collected as part of the Self Assessment process and now will continue as the Class 3 alternative would have been costly to low earners.
 
Clients working for large organisations through ‘personal companies’ could see a major change in their taxation from April 2020 as HMRC seek to tax them as being employed rather than as a freelancer.  These rules were piloted within the public sector this tax year and will be rolled out to larger organisations.

The VAT threshold will continue at £85,000 – it is widely anticipated that following the UK’s departure from the EU, a taper system may be introduced for lower turnover businesses to start paying some VAT.

National Minimum and Living Wages will increase from April 2019.  


​The changes are as follows:

• Increase the living wage from £7.83 to £8.21 per hour
• increasing the rate for 21 to 24 year olds by 4.3% from £7.38 to £7.70 per hour 
• increasing the rate for 18 to 20 year olds by 4.2% from £5.90 to £6.15 per hour 
• increasing the rate for 16 to 17 year olds by 3.6% from £4.20 to £4.35 per hour
• increasing the rate for apprentices by 5.4% from £3.70 to £3.90 per hour

 
It is important you review all employees on the payroll to ensure you are compliant.  With ‘RTI’ payroll reporting in place it would be very easy for HMRC to spot non-compliant employers and indeed a number of businesses have already been fined, named and shamed.
 
There were changes to Employment Allowance but these are unlikely to affect most clients. It is vital if you are a single director company that you do not claim this (even if HMRC basic tools or your software allows it)as HMRC are now carrying out compliance checks in this area and are set to collect underpaid National insurance.  ​

I’ve been doing some work with a programme called ADVenture in Bradford which is designed to help businesses under 3 years old with:

• Training
• Funding
• Loans

I’m running a finance course in November but in the meantime if you’re looking to grow, the following link might be useful!
https://www.bradford.ac.uk/management/working-with-business/support-for-business/ad-venture/

Believe it or not the ICAEW’s latest statistics show that 82% of businesses are still logging onto the HMRC gateway to complete their VAT returns with the remainder filing directly from software.  

More worryingly around half of the businesses surveyed by the ICAEW had no idea this was changing.

From 1 April 2019 businesses caught by the rules will be required to:
​

• Maintain their accounting records digitally in a software product or spreadsheet, and
• Submit their VAT returns to HMRC using functional compatible software – i.e. not the gateway

The burning question therefore is, who and what does this apply to?

• Only VAT registered businesses;
• With turnover of more than £85,000 (so if you voluntarily registered this may not apply but you can elect to join in the scheme);
• Your first VAT return period starting on or after 1 April 2019.

 
Once your turnover in the preceding 4 quarters exceeds the £85,000 threshold then you need to join the scheme and if your turnover falls below the limit you don’t exit the scheme.  HMRC have prepared a list of software what is compatible with the new regulations:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/software-suppliers-supporting-making-tax-digital-for-vat/software-suppliers-supporting-making-tax-digital-for-vat
 
Income tax and Corporation tax will follow in a year or two’s time.
 
I’ve prepared a short video to help you prepare... See Below.

​The current weekly for 2018/19 is £2.95 and is based on whether profits are at least equal to the small profits threshold of £6,205 and the number of weeks of self-employment in the year.  This is paid alongside your tax bill on 31 January.  

Voluntary contributions may also be paid if profits are below the threshold.  The original plan was to abolish Class 2 National Insurance from April 2019 and potentially merge them with Class 4 which runs at 9% of profits.  Class 4 does kick in at the higher level of £8,424.

There has however been a further announcement made (September 2018) by the Exchequer secretary to the Treasury that the government will not proceed with the Class 2 changes following a review of evidence concerning the impact on self-employed individuals with low profits.  In short, the weekly contributions will continue to be collected as part of your tax return.
 
The fear was that people who are below the threshold who still want to pay the £2.95 would have had to pay significantly more to access Class 3 National Insurance at £14.65 per week.

It’s important to note that the change is 1 April and not 6th April so wages and salaries change before the end of the tax year.  There have been some high profile ‘naming and shaming’ with resultant fines so it’s important to make sure you’re on top of this as you’ll not only have to pay the back pay but you could also be ‘named and shamed’ and be subject to a fine.
 
With increases over the rate of inflation, its also really important that you also check to see if an employee needs to be taken into a pension scheme as the £10,000 trigger remains unchanged which means more people are likely to qualify.  More detail can be found here:
 
http://www.thepensionsregulator.gov.uk/automatic-enrolment-earnings-threshold.aspx
 
April also marks the first time that minimum pension contributions will rise, so it’s important your payroll software or payroll provider is on board.  You’ll also note that you need to budget more for pension contributions.  More information can be found on the link below:
 
http://www.thepensionsregulator.gov.uk/doc-library/increases-in-minimum-contributions-automatic-enrolment.aspx
​

The thresholds at which people pay National Insurance have not risen as significantly so employees and sole traders can still expect to pay National Insurance even if there is no tax to pay.  Contributions start after earnings exceed £162 per week £8,424 per annum which is the amount many directors will pay themselves from 6 April 2018.
 
Class 2 National Insurance (£2.95 per week) continues to be collected as part of the Self Assessment process and will be abolished from 6th April 2019 – not 2018 as originally announced to allow further time to design the new process.
 
The reduction in the nil rate band for dividends to £2,000 (currently £5,000) will be implemented from 6th April 2018.  This will result in a tax charge of an additional £225 per annum for owner managers of small companies.

Not surprisingly it will be frozen at £85,000 for the next 2 years whilst a consultation takes place on what the threshold should really be. 

The current deregistration threshold is £83,000 and will continue to be the case.  Digital taxation for businesses which are VAT registered and trading above the threshold will be implemented as planned in April 2019.

​The changes are as follows:

• Increase the living wage from £7.50 to £7.83 per hour

• increase the rate for 21 to 24 year olds from £7.05 to £7.38 per hour
• increase the rate for 18 to 20 year olds from £5.60 to £5.90 per hour
• increase the rate for 16 to 17 year olds from £4.05 to £4.20 per hour
• increase the rate for apprentices from £3.50 to £3.70 per hour 

 
It is important you review all employees on the payroll to ensure you are compliant.  With the new ‘RTI’ payroll reporting in place it would be very easy for HMRC to spot non-compliant employers and indeed a number of businesses have already been fined, named and shamed.
 
The Chancellor also announced that there will be no benefit in kind for people who charge their electric cars at work and at the same time has made some changes to the taxation of company diesel cars.  He was clear to state this excludes vans.  The cash equivalent where a van is made available to an employee for private use will increase to £3,350 for 2018/19 with the fuel benefit set at £633.
 
The employment allowance continues at £3,000 and it is vital if you are a single director company that you do not claim this (even if HMRC basic tools or your software allows it) as HMRC are now carrying out compliance checks in this area and are set to collect underpaid National insurance.

Over the summer HMRC published some changes to Making Tax Digital which have ben warmly received by the businesses and professionals.
 

The government has said it believes that introducing a new digital tax system is still the right direction to move in.  However, it has made amendments to the businesses this impacts and the timescales for change. The amendments to Making Tax Digital now mean:

• Only VAT registered businesses will need to keep digital records and only for VAT purposes;
• They will only need to do so from April 2019;
• Businesses will not be asked to keep digital records or update HMRC quarterly for other taxes until at least April 2020 (the original dates had implementation from April 2019).